As a route for Gulf energy exports, nothing can fully replace the Strait of Hormuz, which remains closed by Iran, but a Saudi port city on the Red Sea could hold some of the answers.

Disruption in the Strait of Hormuz and rising energy prices are exposing the structural vulnerabilities of Europe's economy

A two-week truce has sparked a cautious market rebound, but deep anxiety persists over renewed escalation and its impact on global growth and inflation

Even if the ceasefire holds, it will take months to undo the damage.

Iran's attacks on two big Gulf producers threw the industry a curveball. Although alternatives exist, the UAE and Bahrain facilities will be hard to replace.

Iran discovered his Achilles' heel—a market slump.

Higher gas and oil prices owing to the US-Iran war were a double-edged sword to African energy exporters

Prices, debt, and scarcity will strike a blow against the world's workshop

Disruptions to Gulf energy and shipping routes are tightening supplies of chemical fertilisers, raising costs from Europe to South Asia and heightening fears of a widening global food crisis

Algeria and Libya stand to gain from higher oil prices, but energy importers Morocco, Tunisia and Egypt are desperate for the war to end