The gloves are off in cyberspace, with Israeli and Iranian actors increasingly targeting their adversaries' vulnerabilities since the 12-Day War last month. It is forcing a rethink of digital defence.

Images of rocket trails, explosions, and destruction were broadcast worldwide, but a quieter war in cyberspace was also being waged, and it was no less important

Cyberwarfare has the potential to disrupt critical infrastructure, commercial networks and global supply chains, and during the 12-day Israel-Iran war, cyberattacks were being carried out in parallel…

A half century ago, two computers at UCLA and Stanford were linked together into the first computer network. It was called ARPANET, after the military research lab that funded it. In the years…