Across MENA, the proliferation of militias combines corruption, smuggling, looting, intimidation, and parasitism to swell their coffers at the expense of state treasuries.

Non-state actors play an outsized role in the region's conflicts and wars. Hezbollah is a prime example of how these actors have blurred the lines between militancy and national governance.

The hand of Iran has helped the Houthis expand. It now controls Yemen's capital and deep-water port while laying siege to its third city in a land of tribal loyalties and simmering feuds.

Armed groups, both pro and non-regime, pose myriad threats to the fundamental functions of the state.

Al Majalla dedicates its February issue to exploring Iran's use of militias to exert influence and negotiate with the United States and other major powers.

From Iraq to Syria and Lebanon to Yemen, Iran-backed militias have expanded their power and influence. However, regional escalation following the 7 October attack on Israel is testing their limits.

Armed groups have proliferated in the Iraqi security vacuum, in some cases supported by Iran. After three US soldiers were killed, the Americans have hit back. How will the militias react now?

With an election now looking likely at some point this year, how are the two candidates likely to approach 2024, and can anything stop what looks like Labour's inevitable victory?

From Ukraine to Russia, South Africa to India and Taiwan to the US, elections gain added significance in a turbulent world

No stranger to a world in flux, the West's alliance has grown since the Cold War. It has fresh challenges from an old foe and a new global power to address.