Two separate military forces, too many civilian groups all serving their own self-interest and ineffective international guidance undermined moves toward democracy. War is the price of that failure.
As conflict grips Sudan yet again, the country's instability relates to insecure national foundations of interlocking treaties between a complex range of ethnic and tribal rivals
Sudan's two military factions and offshoot militias are all part of the intricate web of foreign interests in Sudan and are merely tools to protects these interests
Why Washington prioritised shutting down the embassy and sending its staff home over helping US citizens escape the dangerous situation unfolding in Sudan
Whoever emerges the winner must meet certain expectations and understand that backsliding into Islamism is not acceptable or the conflict is at risk of reigniting once more
A novelist who decried military rule, tracing it to the country's colonial roots, and a poet showing how tyranny destroys itself both resonate afresh as conflict rages in their homeland once more
Fighting from Khartoum to Darfur endangers hard-won international support for economic development in one of the world's poorest countries. And there may be worse to come for the Sudanese people.
The US is poised to use Israeli gas as a lever to keep Iran on the backfoot following its regional setback, and it could even use it to undercut Russia's economy
Washington seems to have changed its tone after the RSF committed atrocities in October, putting increasing pressure on the foreign backers of a paramilitary that now controls Darfur. What next?