Arab-Israeli wars

Without a stable objective, military action risks becoming an open-ended process, rather than a strategy with a clear end goal

A US-Israeli attack on Iran has turned into a regional war, sending Brent crude prices over $100 a barrel, and throwing shipping, inflation, and monetary policy into turmoil

Current hostilities are unlikely to go global for now, but the speed at which they have gone regional is alarming, especially given that some scholars believe multipolarity makes global conflict more

Riyadh and Cairo are trying to ease the acute oil shortfall through alternative pipelines, but these are just band-aid solutions, as the world's most vital energy corridor remains closed by Iran

The rushed 2025 rollout raised questions about the government's seriousness. Since then, no meaningful record has been published, fuelling fears that it was just a show.