Founded in secularism, this strong republic faces further change. Religious groups are rising, it has joined NATO but not the EU, and has yet to resolve the Kurdish question. This is its story so far.
From the 1639 Shirin Palace Agreement to the Lausanne Treaty of 1923, Kurdish self-determination was ignored by the world's dominant powers who were looking out for their economic interests.
Signed on 24 July 1923, the treaty had profound consequences for the Middle East and beyond. On its centennial, an understanding of it rests on an appreciation of the complex factors that led to it.
Israel's refusal to accept the US-Qatari-Egypt-brokered ceasefire deal and press on with its Rafah offensive is likely to increase its international isolation even further
For decades, Israel has been trying to defeat Hamas without success. After seven brutal months of war, it still exists. There is reason to think it always will.
A big pro-EU bloc should still hold sway even if the ultra-nationalists make gains. More broadly, the results will act as a barometer of public mood in the first vote since Russia invaded Ukraine.
The old colonial power thinks this North African nation it knows so well may be a source of future economic growth, but Rabat has widened its choices and now has plenty of offers from elsewhere.