The state is well-positioned to diversify its economy away from hydrocarbons and alter its tax system to ensure a fairer contribution from the population, but a change of culture may be needed first.

The two Kingdoms have worked together for two centuries and a recent visit to London from Crown Prince Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa cemented the links in trade, security, and education.

In his latest missive, the US President has threatened 100% duties on Russia and its trading partners, which includes some big American allies. It's 'stick-or-twist' time for the White House.

The One Big Beautiful Bill Act, or OBBBA for short, will raise the fiscal deficit from 6.4% to more than 7% of GDP, pushing up long-term interest rates. Look to the bond markets for honest reactions.

Amid geopolitical tensions and supply chain shocks, the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA), led by the Gulf, has a strategic opportunity to localise clean energy manufacturing.

The Kingdom wants to become a global logistics hub bridging three continents, so it is upgrading and expanding its ports on both the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf.

From dhows carrying spices to tankers carrying oil, trade between South Asia and Arabia has been healthy for hundreds of years, with room to grow further.

Where one's gold sits is not just a matter of security, prestige, or practicality; it is a matter of trust and confidence, both of which seem to be in short supply as a result of Donald Trump's polici

Rather than exporting additional crude, it is now refining it at home, highlighting a policy shift to value-added products over raw commodity exports

'Look to the woman,' as the French say, for it is the woman that runs the household. Likewise, it is the state's administration that runs the ministries and achieves the objectives set by ministers.