Preventing Syria's descent into violence is a collective responsibility

Confronting campaigns that call for vigilante justice is not just important but imperative. Failure to do so risks setting the country ablaze. 

Preventing Syria's descent into violence is a collective responsibility

About a week ago, Syria's interior ministry announced that ongoing investigations into the disappearance of the children of Dr Abdul Rahman Yassin and Dr Rania al-Abbasi had uncovered information and evidence indicating that the children were killed by groups and militias affiliated with the former regime. This came 13 years after they were forcibly disappeared. The six children were between the ages of 14 and two when they were arrested with their mother. While the mother and father had been killed in prison, the fate of their children had remained unknown for all this time.

The confirmation of their deaths shook Syrians to the core. Hundreds of thousands were killed, detained and forcibly disappeared at the hands of Bashar al-Assad’s regime. Thousands of children, too, were arrested, killed or disappeared into the darkness of prisons and so-called "care homes." Yet the confirmed killing of these six children, after years in which their family searched for them, reopened wounds and sorrows that Syrians have scarcely had time to tend, let alone heal.

The families of Dr Yassin and Dr Rania called for justice for the children, as well as for their father and mother, and for the mother’s assistant at her clinic, Majdoline al-Qadi, who was arrested with Dr Rania and never returned.

At a time when most Syrians are demanding transitional justice and accountability for those who killed their sons and daughters, certain voices have emerged—some openly, in their own names and on camera, others behind false identities—seeking to turn attention away from justice and exploit every wound for sectarian incitement.

They call for revenge in the name of justice, but instead of holding the criminal to account, they seek to place an entire sect in the dock. Some have gone so far as to call for the killing of children from the Alawite community in response to the killing of these children, though no religious law, civil law or faith permits such a thing.

At first glance, one might imagine that the Alawite community is the first party harmed by these campaigns. In truth, the first and ultimate victim is Syria itself: the homeland, the state and the people. But let us be clear, dragging the country into sectarian violence will spare no one. A Syria struggling to rise after decades of oppression and torment cannot be rebuilt on a discourse that urges one segment of its people to kill or punish the other. This will almost certainly plunge the country into the furnace of bloody confessional conflict. Justice will not be served. The only result will be more blood, as though more than 14 years of Syrian bloodshed had still not been enough.

Legislation criminalising sectarian discourse has become an urgent necessity that can no longer be postponed

Urgent necessity

The state bears responsibility for this. Legislation criminalising sectarian discourse has become an urgent necessity that can no longer be put off. We, too, bear responsibility as writers, journalists, and citizens who believe in a Syria for all its people. Confronting these campaigns is not just important but imperative. Failure to do so risks setting the country ablaze. 

And given that so much of this incendiary rhetoric and calls to violence are spread through social media, these companies also have a responsibility to act to prevent the spread of violence. 

Between 2011 and 2012, Myanmar's military government lifted the internet ban, and Facebook became the most widely used platform. The platform was then used to disseminate hate speech. Despite repeated warnings from civil society activists and United Nations reports, Meta failed to remove pages inciting violence against the Muslim Rohingya minority. The Myanmar army and extremist Buddhist groups used the platform to promote disinformation, contributing to campaigns of genocide and ethnic cleansing against the Rohingya.

In a report by Amnesty International, the organisation stated that "the dangerous algorithms used by Meta, the owner of Facebook, and its reckless pursuit of profit substantially contributed to the atrocities committed by the Myanmar military against the Rohingya people in 2017." In 2018, "Meta" acknowledged its failure, but that admission came only after hundreds of thousands of Rohingya had been killed or displaced.

In an article I wrote for Al Majalla three years ago, titled "The West's Double Standards… What About the East?", I wrote: "In Pakistan in 2017, a council of elders, also known as a panchayat or jirga, in a remote Pakistani region, ordered a man to rape a 16-year-old girl after his sister had been raped by the brother of the girl whom the council sentenced to rape. Years earlier, another local council had ordered the gang rape of a woman whose brother had been falsely accused in rape cases."

All people of reason must confront this madness spreading across social media before it moves from the screen to the ground

Collective responsibility

I recall this passage to ask: can any rational person believe that this is justice? Are these the laws and customs we want to govern the new Syria, the Syria for whose liberation, and for whose future as a homeland for all Syrians, millions have paid so terrible a price?

Justice is a legitimate demand, but what inciters are calling for bears no resemblance to justice. Syrians should recall the decades of violent repression under the two Assad presidents, and not repeat their same crimes.

George Santayana, the Spanish-American philosopher and poet, warned that "ignoring history is not mere ignorance, but an invitation to repeat catastrophe." The German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche wrote: "Whoever fights monsters must take great care lest he himself become a monster."

Social media companies must immediately ban anyone who incites violence on religious, sexual or sectarian grounds, in Syria and across the world. The Syrian government, for its part, must move swiftly to enact the legislation needed to hold to account anyone who calls for killing or incites sectarian and confessional hatred. All people of reason must confront this madness spreading across social media before it moves from the screen to the ground, before the tragedy of the Rohingya in Myanmar is repeated in Syria, and before the tragedies of Syrians reproduce themselves anew.

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