Erbil voted to go it alone in 2017, but that was when it controlled its own oil to sell through Turkey. Today, it does neither. With no partners on the horizon, it is left seeking central handouts.
War sent oil firms running while the loss of territorial control in the oil- and gas-rich north-east left the Kurds with the hydrocarbons and Damascus reliant on Iran. Will the good times roll again?
The world faces a renewed geopolitical fault line in South America. Borders drawn by colonial powers cross disputed territory now rich in resources. Fears of war are real, but open conflict unlikely.
Al Majalla outlines the main factors behind Saudi Arabia and Russia's decision to cut oil production and how this could impact the upcoming US elections
Oil reserves in Sudan and South Sudan remain underutilised, largely due to war. Meanwhile, lack of stability has curbed potential foreign investment in East Africa's oil fields.
Saudi Arabia's first-quarter budget figures reflect a steadily diversifying the economy, reducing reliance on oil as the country's main source of income, and boosting opportunities the private sector
As support for Israel weakens across the US political spectrum, once-taboo questions about military aid, lobbying influence, and US backing are moving into the mainstream
Algeria is one of Africa's largest producers of hydrocarbons, and its proximity to customers in Europe makes it of growing interest as importers fret over a prolonged supply crisis from countries
Through extravagant processions led by palace women, the Mamluk state projected a message of power and prestige at home and abroad, turning the Hajj obligation into a soft-power tool