Football in the Arab world: a relationship revealed in seven books

The beautiful game cuts across class and conflict, changing relationships and communities. Al Majalla looks at its depiction in Arab literature

Football in the Arab world: a relationship revealed in seven books

Just as in many other parts of the world, football commands an interest and a passion in Arab societies that is rarely rivalled by alternatives. This helps explain why so many writers and artists have a connection to the game, and an allegiance to one club or another. That passion and connection have resulted in numerous literary works. Here, Al Majalla looks at seven books that help encapsulate why football means so much in the Arab world.

Intellectuals and Football

Intellectuals and Football

In this book, Egyptian writer Ashraf Abdel Shafi records a wealth of stories and anecdotes about major literary figures and their relationship with the beautiful game. He begins with the Iraqi poet Maruf al-Rusafi and his famous line: “They went to sport as players, and among them was a ball whose play brought bodies into harmony.” He then moves to Palestinian poet Mahmoud Darwish, author of the phrase “football is the noblest of wars,” before turning to Egyptian novelists Khairy Shalaby and Ibrahim Aslan.

Shafi divides his book into two sections. In the first, he examines the experience of playing football among major literary figures, including Egyptian writer Naguib Mahfouz, a skilful player in the 1920s and 1930s, who was deft at dribbling and blessed with remarkable speed. The Nobel laureate played in Cairo’s Abbasiya district and only gave up to start university.

Abdel Shafi refers to several writers brought together by The New York Times in a feature titled Writers Who Can Also Play. Among them was Russian-American novelist Vladimir Nabokov, an exceptional goalkeeper, and Turkish novelist Orhan Pamuk, who played at left-back. Brazilian novelist Jorge Amado also professed a love for football, who saw in it the pleasure of the poor, and Spanish writer Javier Marías, for whom it was the most beautiful sport in the world, allows us to ‘return to our childhood’.

There is a chapter on the relationship between Egyptian colloquial poets and football. Ahmad Fouad Negm’s passion for football is well known and he maintained close friendships with several footballers, whether at Ismaily, Arab Contractors, or other clubs. He once told Shafi that football had “possessed” his mind, and that he would watch matches repeatedly, as though he was watching them anew.

For him, the game remained one of the most important sources of pleasure and excitement for ordinary people in Egyptian society. He immersed himself in the crowds and chants. He even wrote some supporters’ songs. One of his famous poems was for Al Ahly, in which he said: “O Ahly, my love, a piece of my heart.”

The book includes numerous other stories and remarks by writers and thinkers, among them Farouk Shousha, Abdel Moneim Said and Fahmi Howeidy, all of whom emphasised football’s importance and its ability to bring people closer together in ways that diplomacy and politics cannot.

Promising Attack

A Promising Attack

The Saudi writer Alwan al-Suhaimi’s novel A Promising Attack (Rashm, 2024) follows Walid, a footballer from Tabuk’s poorest neighbourhood who becomes one of the most celebrated players in his favourite team, leaving behind his studies and his family in pursuit of the dream.

The novel opens with the death of the protagonist’s mother and his crushing sense of responsibility for her passing. From there, we follow his journey, from playing football on the school team and dreaming big, to the upheavals that wealth and luxury bring. Around him are the complicated, tangled relationships of the footballing world: players, coaches, contracts, rival interests, and hidden details.

The novel’s scope extends beyond football. It explores the collision between a village upbringing and the world of the city, as Walid moves to the capital, Riyadh, where many of his ideas and convictions begin to shift. Another transformation follows when he travels to London and meets his beloved Thuraya, in whom he finds everything a young man at that stage of life might dream of.

Yet that story remains incomplete and his life soon unravels. He discovers the hardships, problems, corruption, vested interests and favouritism of elite sport. In the end, he cannot adapt to that strange and unforgiving world, and returns to his homeland empty-handed.

Diary of a Running Man

Diary of a Running Man

Abboudah’s story differs somewhat from Walid’s. The protagonist of Egyptian writer Farid Abdel Azim’s 2019 novel begins by fighting everyone around him simply for the right to watch matches. Throughout his school years, he feels that this game will change his life, and that he is destined to become a footballer. We come to know Abboudah’s life, his relationship with his family, and with the family of his friend, Michael, with whom he shares an intensely private bond that unites them through the adventures of youth and adolescence.

After overcoming a series of problems and setbacks, Abboudah joins a club beyond the confines of his own world. Moving from one club to another, his character and ambitions change, until he is playing alongside some of the top footballers. Along the way, readers meet a coach nicknamed ‘The General’, a broadcaster known as ‘Maestro’, and the wealthy but frail Zika, his most important supporter.

Moving from one club to another, his character and ambitions change, until he is playing alongside some of the top footballers

Throughout the book, Abboudah's relationships change, including his most important friendship. In this way, Farid Abdel Azim renders the world of the footballer in its many dimensions, giving dense details of that rich universe, where almost every player begins from nothing and rises in a long, feverish race until finally, at a decisive moment, he discovers that he has stopped running altogether, whether after the ball or his dreams.

Bardaqanah

Bardaqanah

While many Palestinian novels have taken war and occupation as context, Iyad Barghouti's Bardaqanah (Al Adab, 2014) returns to the period before the Nakba (catastrophe), to 1945, to tell the story of Capt. Fayez Ghandour, coach of the football team in the city of Acre.

He gets the chance to coach the new Arab Palestinian national team and starts by assembling a team from neighbourhoods, schools, and the students' union, before facing the challenges and obstacles he meets. The story moves between his relationship with football (and what he hopes to achieve through it) and with his fiancée, Thuraya, who he hopes to marry. Yet he cannot master love in the same way. Between these two worlds, events unfold.

Situations intertwine and grow more complicated, especially after Fayez discovers something about his father that turns his life upside down and forces him to retrace history. Barghouti evokes the atmosphere of football through the life of a man who is both player and coach, and through his relationship with the players around him. He also shines a light on Palestinian life before the Nakba, along with some of the dreams and wounds Palestinians carried during the British Mandate and after it.

In this case, footballing objectives correlate to suspended dreams that languish unfulfilled. The irony is that, about four years after the novel was published, the author discovered that one of that club's heroes was still alive: Capt. Jalal Jarrar, who had played for the Acre Prison team before the Nakba.

Were it Not for the Space of the Pitch

Were It Not for the Space of the Pitch

Love for a football club gathers together supporters, regardless of social class or interest. This prompted Oxygen Notebooks to record fans' stories in Were It Not for the Space of the Pitch (Oxygen, 2023). The book brings together four writers: Moroccan critic Suleiman al-Haqiwi, Algerian poet Imad Ben Saleh, Emirati writer Mohammed Hassan Ahmed, and Syrian writer Adham Abdullah over eight chapters.

Several local clubs are introduced in supporters' often amusing stories. The beauty of the book lies in the way it briefly recounts the origins of each club selected by the editors: Al Ahly and Zamalek from Egypt, Mouloudia from Algeria, Wydad of Morocco, Al Wehda of Saudi Arabia, Hutteen and Tishreen from Syria, and Emirates Club.

At the end of each chapter, the writer includes chants sung by the fans, turning the reader into a companion on the journey of these people who give so much of their time to the club they love. In this way, the book presents another face to the game. In the stories, readers are likely to recognise the kinds of figures depicted.

Half-time Break

Half-Time Break

This book explores and records the impact of football during the Lebanese Civil War (1975-90). Published by Al Mutawassit in 2022, it draws on the memories of the poet and former footballer Fawzi Yammine who played for Lebanon during the 1993 World Cup qualifiers.

In the introduction, he writes: "Football is a round leather ball chased by a group of madmen in shorts, who pass it from foot to foot until they send it into the net of an opposing side made up of another group of madmen… Such words reflect feeble notions when set against the cries of the supporters in the world's most popular game. They use these flimsy phrases to pass judgment on football without granting themselves the chance to experience its magic even once, or to understand why the ball runs through the veins like blood and seizes the mind like a narcotic."

Yammine recalls how he started playing football in one of Lebanon's neighbourhoods, how the team was formed, and how that formation allowed it to transcend the political, religious and sectarian divisions tearing the country apart at the time. It offers a new look at Lebanese society from a different angle. Yammine's writing easily weaves literary prose and sport. He succeeds in presenting himself both as a player and a writer, with the ability to observe the world of football from within and narrate its details and hidden passages in an engaging literary style.

Through scattered glimpses of the relationship between the player, the ball, and the wider community, he compares playing football with reciting poetry, and examines the player-coach relationship, and the coach's influence on both players and opponents. In the end, the book offers another image of civil resistance within Lebanese society, affirming people's desire to take pleasure from life by following matches and rallying behind their favourite team. Ultimately, football let people come together, despite the differences that were tearing the country apart.

The Party

The Party

In The Party, (published in 2025 by Tashkeel), Saudi writer Abdullah Thabit approaches football as a metaphor dense with meaning, and offers new answers to old questions, including why we love the game. For him, it represents "one of the last remaining models of noble bodily struggle before screens and weapons took possession of it".

In Thabit's hands, football is akin to an open theatre, where players appear as moving dreams fashioned by the crowd of spectators who believe in the dream of victory even when it remains unrealised. The referee, meanwhile, emerges almost as a symbol of justice, capable of bringing those dreams into being in a single moment.

The writer returns to his memories of football, from the earliest beginnings to the decisive goals and the voices of commentators. From these varied recollections, he seeks a different understanding of his relationship with time, and of how football can influence a writer's thoughts about poetry, language, and life in general. He reuses the familiar footballing vocabulary and gives it further dimensions.

Thabit pauses at the role of the supporters and their powerful influence on the atmosphere of the pitch, the clamorous interaction between players' movement and the crowd, the breathless fixation on the ball's path, and the sudden chants that shake the stadium. He observes how the scene can change in an instant, becoming a sequence of victories and defeats captured before thousands at once, and capable of being replayed with the same force and fervour. In this way, Abdullah Thabit presents a distinctive literary vision and a different analysis of football. Through it, he sets out his own perceptions and reveals unexpected forms of beauty in the game.

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