Syria: from darkness to light in 11 historic months

Ahmed al-Sharaa has achieved significant success in Syria, yet these accomplishments pale in comparison to the fundamental need for transitional justice

Syria: from darkness to light in 11 historic months

After decades of being imprisoned by outdated ideologies and hollow slogans that served only the Assad regime, the impact of the changes that have swept across Syria since the fall of Bashar al-Assad is now becoming clear.

These changes are as profound as those experienced by Ahmed al-Sharaa himself during a journey that took him from Idlib to Damascus, then to Riyadh, Ankara, Paris, Moscow, Washington, and elsewhere, and soon to Beijing and London.

Commenting on al-Sharaa’s visit to Washington and his meeting with US President Donald Trump, the American special envoy for Syria, Tom Barrack, described the occasion as a decisive turning point in the modern history of the Middle East and in “Syria’s remarkable transformation from isolation to partnership.”

In his statement, Barrack also stressed the need to “fully repeal Caesar Act sanctions to empower the new Syrian government and to allow the Syrian people and their regional neighbours to not only survive but to thrive.”

Despite growing Arab, regional, and Western engagement with the new Syria and the positive steps taken by al-Sharaa’s government, most recently joining the Global Coalition to Defeat IS (Islamic State), the sanctions imposed under the Caesar Act remain an obstacle to establishing sustainable partnerships, particularly in the economic sphere. This area appears to be a central focus of al-Sharaa’s meetings and those of his ministers with both Arab and international officials.

Rebuilding Syria is not only a responsibility, it is a right for all its people

Decisive period

Syria now appears to be entering a decisive period as the vote on repealing the Caesar Act approaches. Whether one supports or opposes al-Sharaa, the scale of transformation in Syria is undeniable. Some changes once seemed almost unimaginable.

On the international stage, the fact that a visit to Washington and a meeting with Trump took place before a visit to Moscow, where Assad once sought refuge, and the notable reception extended by Russian President Vladimir Putin, is anything but trivial.

Putin has Syrian blood on his hands, raising the question of how he can be considered a partner or friend to a post-Assad Syria. Yet al-Sharaa is fully aware of the importance of maintaining balanced relations. He is not merely shifting Syria from one alliance to another, but rather taking the steps he believes serve the country's future, despite the deeply painful history it shares with Russia.

The foreign minister's visit to China on 16 November, with al-Sharaa expected to follow at a later stage, is hardly a routine development. In under a year, visits have either taken place or been announced to nearly all the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.

Electricity used to be available for just 45 minutes a day. Today, I write from Tartus, with 20 hours of uninterrupted power.

The shaping of Syria's future

What Syria is witnessing today is not merely a rewriting of its history, but the shaping of its future; one that reflects the country's legacy and its rightful place on the geopolitical map. Yet building that future is not only about engaging with East and West, but, above all, about opening up to Syrians themselves.

Now more than ever, the legislative council must be finalised and the machinery of law and governance set in motion to support Syria's path towards the future. A committee of constitutional and legal experts must be formed to begin drafting a permanent constitution. Syria needs all its citizens to be fully engaged and committed to the task of national reconstruction.

What has been achieved over the past 11 months feels like a dream, yet it is real. Eleven months ago, I returned to my home in Tartus for the first time in 19 years of forced exile. At that time, electricity was available for just 45 minutes in every 24 hours. Today, I write from Tartus, having spent 20 hours here with uninterrupted power. 

The return was a dream fulfilled. But that alone is not enough. Much still lies ahead for Syrians to accomplish, and I say Syrians, not just the government, because rebuilding Syria is not only a responsibility, it is a right for all its people.

Return, electricity, reconstruction, and openness—each of them matters—but all pale in comparison to one fundamental principle: justice. The path of transitional justice is paramount. It is the cornerstone of national and social reconciliation—and the foundation for lasting security. It is a right owed to victims and their families. It is also essential to prevent future opportunists from exploiting the absence of justice for aims that serve neither Syria nor its unity.

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