Syria normalisation drowns in red tape

Progress inches forward at a snail's pace, but not because of Syrian efforts, which have been painstakingly slow. Regional and international agendas are mostly driving it.

Syria normalisation drowns in red tape

There is a general sense of disappointment among Arabs regarding Damascus' handling of the recent normalisation efforts to bring it back into the Arab fold after a long hiatus due to its actions during the Syrian civil war.

On its part, Damascus, too, feels it has gotten little out of the process despite making what it considers "big concessions".

Since Damascus rejoined the Arab League last May, some expected it to take specific steps. These included exchanging information, forming security cooperation committees to combat drug trafficking across borders, facilitating refugee returns, convening the Constitutional Committee (CC), and enabling humanitarian aid access.

Progress painstakingly slow

But progress has been painstakingly slow in the past few months.

One minor achievement was the formation of the Syrian-Jordanian Anti-Terrorism Committee. Syrian Foreign Minister Faisal Mekdad accepted a working paper from his Jordanian counterpart, Ayman Al-Safadi, but stressed it was non-binding. The paper outlined expected steps from Damascus as part of the "step for step" initiative.

Read more: UN Envoy to Syria: Arab normalisation presents unique opportunity that must be seized

However, drug shipments seemed to have only increased since then. Even Arab foreign ministers supportive of rapprochement with Damascus were let down by recent developments.

One person involved stated, "Mekdad is acting as if nothing had happened (over the past decade), as if Syria were in the year 2010 or before."

Drug shipments seemed to have only increased since then. Even Arab foreign ministers supportive of rapprochement with Damascus were let down by recent developments.

Disagreement over CC venue

Another surprise concerned the venue of the CC meetings.

Based on a Russian proposal, former UN envoy Staffan de Mistura introduced the idea of forming a committee to examine the Syrian constitution linked to International Resolution 2254. His successor, Geir Pedersen, continued this path. Delegations representing the government, opposition, and civil society formed, and sessions were held at the United Nations headquarters in Geneva.

However, the Ukrainian war has slowed down efforts to convene the CC — seen as a fig leaf to breathe life into the internationally sponsored process. Moscow refused to hold the talks in Geneva, due to Switzerland's unneutral stance in the war on Ukraine and its participation in sanctions against Moscow.

As an alternative, Cairo offered to host the talks, but Damascus had already promised Muscat. On their part, the Syrian opposition suggested Kuwait.

Mediators proposed alternating between Muscat and Kuwait. The Arab Ministerial Committee aimed to document Damascus' approval of Muscat as the venue. The final communique said that the CC would hopefully convene in Oman by year-end.

Documenting what Damascus said should have been simple. However, in Damascus, nothing is simple. When asked about holding the CC meeting in Muscat, Damascus said to ask Omani authorities. On its part, Muscat said it wasn't prepared to host, and the CC is still searching for a location to hold talks.

And the fate of the Jordanian paper is no less muddied than that of the CC. Although it received the paper, Damascus said it hadn't had the time to read it yet.

The Ukrainian war has slowed down efforts to convene the Constitutional Committee — seen as a fig leaf to breathe life into the internationally sponsored process.

Red-tape approach

Damascus is drowning negotiators in red tape — a typical Syrian approach. It argues that it has already made concessions, including forming security committees and opening crossings for UN aid, but says it has received little in return. Western sanctions remain, and the US Congress is, in fact, tightening them.

However, despite the overall sense of exasperation, normalisation seems to be progressing — albeit at a snail's pace. It continues because of factors unrelated to Syria, driven by national agendas and understandings with regional and international powers.

Amid global turmoil, keeping the normalisation process alive is crucial.

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