The gloves are off in cyberspace, with Israeli and Iranian actors increasingly targeting their adversaries' vulnerabilities since the 12-Day War last month. It is forcing a rethink of digital defence.
The notion of the US as an honest broker was always a dubious one, particularly given its largely unquestioning support for Israel, but its recent actions towards Iran shatter the concept completely
Iran has concluded that Israel and the US aim to bring down its government at some point, but it may be a gradual campaign rather than a boots-on-the-ground blitz
Iran's Supreme Leader would be wise to acknowledge that his longstanding strategic patience doctrine has run its course. With few cards left to play, he may have to choose between these two options.
Tehran will return to nuclear negotiations with far fewer cards. Even if it seeks a token gesture on enrichment, that could be rejected. Remaining options include capitulation or even civil war.
Fighting between Iran and Israel impacted North Africa, where surging prices may disrupt budgets and plans. But for North Africa's energy exporters, higher oil prices are a reason to cheer.
Images of rocket trails, explosions, and destruction were broadcast worldwide, but a quieter war in cyberspace was also being waged, and it was no less important
