Ziad Rahbani: the heir to a legacy who dreamt of home

The famed Lebanese composer, pianist, playwright, and political commentator Ziad Rahbani died in Beirut on 26 July, aged 69. He was often labelled a ‘genius.’ The reality was far more nuanced.

Lebanese composer, pianist, playwright, and political commentator Ziad Rahbani
Lina Jaradat
Lebanese composer, pianist, playwright, and political commentator Ziad Rahbani

Ziad Rahbani: the heir to a legacy who dreamt of home

“Isn’t there, in every passing second of life, someone laughing? Then on this earth, laughter is unceasing.” So wrote Ziad Rahbani, son of the iconic singer Fairuz, in My Friend God in 1971, written at the outset of his creative journey. That journey sadly ended in a reported heart attack last week.

His was an influence, a uniqueness, and an indelible presence in Lebanon’s artistic, social, and political spheres. Heir to the Rahbani legacy, he was frequently labelled as a “genius,” a label he hated. Though this was more of a burden than an accolade, it was nevertheless inescapable. For how else might one define an experience so rich, layered, and boundless in scope? Ziad Rahbani was never merely a musician, nor merely a poet, playwright, (dark) comedian, political commentator, or social critic. He was all of these, simultaneously. Beyond that, he was the son of the venerable Rahbani dynasty, a custodian of its legacy and—paradoxically—its gentle rebel.

Generational spokesman

Ziad Rahbani’s brilliance in music, theatre, and beyond is often attributed to innate talent, as though it were embedded in his very being from birth. One commentator even said it was in his genes, inherited from his father, Assi Rahbani, and his mother, Fairuz. Those whose artistic and political leanings are fundamentally at odds with Rahbani’s may want to reduce his experience to a kind of populist shorthand that—whether out of ignorance or the reverence that often accompanies death—avoids any serious attempt to define the specific contours of his oeuvre, retreating instead into the safety of sweeping, unexamined generalisations.

Lina Jaradat
Lebanese composer, pianist, playwright, and political commentator Ziad Rahbani

More significantly, the collective farewell to Rahbani, who was claimed by everyone and by no-one, tends to obscure a key dimension of his career: the profoundly collaborative nature of his work. Despite his striking individuality, at its core his journey was a collective endeavour, shaped and matured through a group dynamic. Ziad Rahbani was not simply a voice for a swathe of his generation; he was a living embodiment of it, born of its aspirations, dreams, contradictions, and its diverse creative talents.

Collective effort

In the farewell to Ziad, echoes could be heard of the sentiments expressed upon the deaths of his father, Assi, and uncle Mansour, aka ‘The Rahbani Brothers.’ Like Ziad, their work was shaped and enriched by dozens of poets, journalists, musicians, playwrights, filmmakers, and political activists, yet their legacy—like Ziad’s—was also distilled into the singular label ‘genius,’ a mantle that Ziad was always destined to inherit after his father’s death, just as he was equally compelled to bear the iconic stature of his mother, who held legendary status across the Arab world.

Ziad Rahbani was not simply a voice for a swathe of his generation; he was a living embodiment of it, born of its aspirations, dreams, contradictions, and its diverse creative talents

Yet no artistic endeavour flourishes in solitude—so it was with the Rahbani Brothers, as it was with Ziad. Across theatre and music, the Rahbani 'laboratory' brought together many of the era's leading talents, integrating fresh and promising voices (including a young Ziad himself). His early play Sahriyyeh (The Soirée), for instance, may be read as a continuation of the Rahbani theatrical model, albeit infused with his own sharp, rebellious tone.

Like that of his father and uncle, Ziad's artistic path was always grounded in the collective, developed within a group dynamic. The names may have changed over time, but the constant was his engagement with others, introducing new voices when needed, parting ways if necessary.

Ziad's two families

It is no easy task to untangle the myriad threads woven through Ziad Rahbani's life and career. His upbringing within the Rahbani family later expanding to the broader 'family' of the Lebanese left, not least through the Communist Party. A lot of his artistic and musical output, as well as his political and social commentary, stemmed from these affiliations, connections, and dialogue.

Mahmoud Zayyat / AFP
Lebanese musician and composer Ziad Rahbani performs a concert titled 'For Gaza' in the southern Lebanese port-city of Sidon on October 9, 2014.

In his first and only poetry collection, My Friend God (written at the age of 12 and published when he was 15), we glimpse many of the traits that would later define Ziad Rahbani, rooted in a precocious awareness of the world around him. Of note is the sense of deep familiarity and familial intimacy: a child who does not want to leave home, who instead wants to spend his days with his parents, embraced by nature, and sheltered from the outside world.

"I've begun to fear sleeping too long, lest everyone leave and I'm left alone," he writes. "When I go to school, it feels like a voyage. Mother, it feels like I'm far from you, from Father, from our broken window… The bell rings and I run from school… and our home appears to me from afar, and I see my family standing by the door, on the rooftops, waving handkerchiefs so I don't get lost on my way home."

Striking out alone

To this child, the world is a foreboding, hostile place in these poems. Penned years before the Lebanese Civil War erupted in April 1975, the spectre of war, displacement, destruction, and loss already loomed in his imagination, threatening the idyllic, rural domesticity he so dearly held to.

"And suddenly, the distance exploded. Our house shuddered. The rain was frightened and fell from the windows… My father ran to the window to look. I ran to the broken picture and my eyes said: 'What'? I heard the word 'war' and I asked: 'What is war'? And shouting rose outside."

Jorge Ferrari / AFP
Lebanese icon Fairuz (C) talks to her son, composer Ziad Rahbani (R), and Armenian conductor Karen Durgarian during rehearsals prior to their Dubai concert on January 23, 2003.

Whether these poems were originally written in French or Arabic, they unquestionably evoke the atmosphere of his family home in the aftermath of the Arab defeat in the 1967 war. That home was a hub for Lebanon's cultural and political elite, for intellectuals, writers, and political figures.

In many respects, the songs and plays produced by the Rahbani Brothers and Fairuz during this period offer a counterpart to this bleak vision, reflecting a shared foreboding of an unravelled future, a sense that the wind "wreaking havoc outside" was inching ever closer to Lebanon. All this, of course, remains speculative.

Like that of his father and uncle, Ziad's artistic path was always grounded in the collective, developed within a group dynamic. The constant was his engagement with others

What is certain is that even in childhood, Ziad Rahbani was deeply attuned to the world around him, to the anxieties and crises consuming his country. He was profoundly aware of the perils threatening the fragile, often rural ideal his parents had so carefully constructed, and he was no less consumed by existential questions, about God, the world, and the elusive search for meaning.

Forged in fighting

Ziad Rahbani's early awakening was shaped by the crisis between his parents. He sometimes had to step in to separate them during arguments. Their relationship was always the subject of gossip, speculation, and journalistic scrutiny. This familial strain was one of the reasons why Ziad left his parental home at an early age.

Doing so coincided with the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War. His move away from home, family, neighbourhood, and village was not necessarily a rejection of it, but rather an entry into another parallel world, a new realm had been forming since Lebanon's independence from France, through the 1948 Nakba, the rise of Nasserism, the 1958 crisis, and Lebanon's entanglement in regional struggles, culminating in the emergence of leftist and liberation movements in which Lebanon played an integral role.

AFP
Lebanese diva Fairuz (C) performs at Beirut's Picadilly Theatre in 1975 with William Haswani (R) and her son Ziad Rahbani (L), dressed as Ottoman policemen, in the musical play Mais el-Rim.

Through his plays, politically charged songs, radio programmes, and interviews from the late 1970s through the mid-1990s and the subsequent wars, Rahbani's discourse evolved. Though this may seem like inconsistency, it consistently centres on a singular idea: Lebanon as both crisis and salvation, dilemma and enduring obsession.

Indeed, the overarching theme of his discourse often suggests the impossibility of Lebanon ever becoming a true homeland for its people, at times even portraying it as a non-country. While Rahbani occasionally expressed admiration for certain authoritarian regimes (notably the Ba'ath regime in Syria), this came less from ideological alignment than from chronic disappointment and a longing for a lost Lebanese paradise.

Analysing a system

The core of Lebanon's predicament, he felt, lay in its sectarian political system. Yet he also framed the issue within Lebanon's broader role in the region's political dynamics. Despite being a committed communist, he never saw Lebanon as part of a broader ideological bloc. Even his brief alignment with Hezbollah was more closely tied to Lebanon's internal dynamics, shaped by the civil war and competing visions of Lebanese identity, rather than to broader Arab realities.

Ziad Rahbani's expansive musical repertoire shows little direct engagement with the Palestinian cause; there is hardly a single song about Palestine, having once rightly observed that Palestinians are best placed to lead their own struggle. Likewise, he saw Syria and events there through a Lebanese prism, not least to understand the internal conflicts and sectarian groupings.

Above all, Ziad Rahbani remained deeply and thoroughly Lebanese, immersed in the nation's crises and interacting with the world through that immersion (rather than in spite of it). In doing so, he extended the legacy of the Rahbani Brothers and arguably went further by devoting nearly all his artistic and intellectual energies to Lebanon.

Joseph Eid / AFP
Lebanese pianist, composer and playwright Ziad Rahbani performs during the Beirut Holidays 2019 Festival at the waterfront in the Lebanese capital on July 19, 2019.

He analysed its national character and persistent deadlock, which led him to conclude that Lebanon should be governed by a dictator, as he proposed in his works Bikhousous el-Karama (Concerning Dignity and the Stubborn People) and Lawla Foushat Amal (If Not for a Glimmer of Hope), a lamentation of Lebanon as a lost paradise.

Hard working observer

He was self-taught, in music and beyond. In one interview, Rahbani explained how he read the newspaper cover-to-cover, seeing it both as a source of insight and of raw material for thought and storytelling. This gave him a breadth of knowledge in areas such as politics, sociology, and psychology.

What truly stands out is his perseverance. Rahbani was not a spontaneous artist reliant on flashes of inspiration, but rather a man of tireless labour. His celebrated contribution to 'Oriental Jazz', widely regarded as the most significant Arab achievement in the genre, was born of deep study, exploration, and synthesis, much like the earlier work of his father and uncle in blending Western classical and Eastern Arab musical traditions.

His exceptional talent, coupled with anxiety and relentlessness, is perhaps what truly constitutes Ziad Rahbani's genius, at least musically if not theatrically. The other form of genius that is often alluded to is his brilliance in observation, monitoring, analysis, and inference, along with his linguistic prowess in capturing these insights. This mix made him a man of his era, with a legacy that will resonate with generations to come.

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