Profile: European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen

A minister in Angela Merkel’s German cabinet for 16 years, Europe’s most powerful politician has just won a second five-year term. A tour of swing voters helped....

European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has just been re-elected for a second five-year term.
Eduardo Ramon
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen has just been re-elected for a second five-year term.

Profile: European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen

She is the recently re-elected president of the European Commission and a former German defence minister, a name known to many, but who is Ursula von der Leyen?

Even when we think we know politicians, we are generally under the spell of their admirers or their detractors. There is really no way of knowing much about them. We assume, however, that they themselves know who they are.

Von der Leyen, 65, is a familiar face, but in the wake of Europe’s dramatic lurch to the right in the recent parliamentary elections, she would be forgiven for having lost a sense of self.

She has been busy. As The Guardian reported on 3 June, as part of her campaign, she has “inspected a drone factory in Latvia, laid flowers at a monument to the late Pope John Paul II in Poland and posed with a shaggy dog in Luxembourg”.

From Copenhagen to Split, Maastricht to Plovdiv, she has given speeches, shaken hands, signed T-shirts, posed for selfies, and released a video of her striding purposefully down a lane near her countryside home to dramatic orchestral music.

Her itinerary rivalled any of the party leaders in her beloved Britain during their own recent election, and yet none of the people she charms along the way could vote for von der Leyen any more than the Brits could, even if they wanted to.

Her fate has been in the hands of the continent’s political leaders, firstly. Analysts said Giorgia Meloni, Italy’s first female prime minister and leader of a party known as the ‘Brothers of Italy’, together with the Prime Minister of Czechia, Petr Fiala, could be the ones to swing it.

Meeting Meloni

Lazy analysts may have dismissed Meloni as a token gesture politician, but she is proving critics wrong. She is very much her own woman enjoying her moment, with a claim to being one of the most influential politicians on the continent.

She represents the rightward trend in European politics, has become pivotal in shaping the EU’s agenda on migration and climate, and has a knack with problem people, as demonstrated by her management of Hungary’s Victor Orbán.

Von der Leyen gave speeches, shook hands, signed T-shirts, posed for selfies, and strode purposefully down a lane to dramatic orchestral music.

Meloni is also managing von der Leyen, arguably the most powerful woman in Europe. Yet theirs is not a natural fit.

Meloni's political origins were neo-fascist and she has hard-right views on migration and family values. In contrast, von der Leyen comes from the centre right of German politics and takes a liberal view on both.

Von der Leyen is also a fervent supporter of the EU. In a 2011 interview with Der Spiegel, she yearned for a United States of Europe with a continental tax regime, foreign policy, and armed forces. Meloni is a fervent nationalist.

Filippo Montefiore / AFP
Italy's Prime Minister and leader of the far-right party Brothers of Italy (Fratelli D'Italia - FDI) Giorgia Meloni in Rome on 10 June 2024.

While the right may have lost its appetite for leaving the EU since the chaos of Brexit, this kind of European federalism makes any nationalist queasy.  

Von der Leyen was keen to have Meloni on-side. In March, Politico reported that she had visited Rome twice in 2023 and once in early 2024, Emilia Romagna twice, and Lampedusa once. The latter is a hotspot for migrants arriving by boat.

The pair have also had several one-on-one encounters on the sidelines of international conferences.

What could possibly justify all these trips? Perhaps the same thing as once attracted her compatriot, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, whose two-year journey around Italy from 1786-88 ended in a published journal?

Politico hinted at something more practical. "Meloni is unavoidable if von der Leyen wants to be certain that she has a qualified majority in Council."

Finding a way to work

Their friendship may owe something to Meloni's charm. She is said to have won over her international peers on one occasion by presenting them with cake. Britain's former Prime Minister Rishi Sunak, who has a sweet tooth, was particularly enamoured. But the amore was not universal. 

Yves Herman / Reuters
Ursula von der Leyen addresses her first State of the European Union speech in Brussels, Belgium, on 16 September 2020.

During a video conference, Marine Le Pen, leader of the far-right National Rally in France, asked Giorgia "will you support a von der Leyen second term or not?" Perturbed, she then answered her own question. "I believe so," she said. "And so, you will contribute to worsening the policies that the people of Europe are suffering from so much."

Le Pen's success in Europe, which prompted French President Emmanuel Macron to call a snap election at home, helps explains von der Leyen's Italian journey: the balance of power is shifting towards the right in Europe.

For another five years in the job, she needed to win round both the EU's political leaders and its parliament, in which the right now has more sway than ever.

On 23 May, in a TV debate, von der Leyen has asked which right-wing parties she would and would not work with. She outlined three criteria: they must be pro-Europe, pro-Ukraine, and pro-rule of law.

For another five years in the job, von der Leyen will need to win round both the EU's political leaders and its new right-leaning parliament.

She was then asked whether Meloni met her criteria. Von der Leyen said she had "been working very well with Giorgia Meloni in the European Council".

She added that Meloni "is clearly pro-European, against Putin—she's been very clear on that one—and pro-rule of law… if this holds, then we offer to work together".

Von der Leyen was clear, however, that being able to work with Meloni did not necessarily translate into her being able to work with the wider European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) bloc to which Meloni is a part.

More than just a job

Having been president of the Commission since December 2019, von der Leyen now knows her way around, and has complained that the hard-right want "to trample on our values and destroy our Europe". She is, it seems, no fan of Le Pen's.

This is personal for her. She has spoken of her father's memories of the devastation after World War II. As she and her six siblings grew up in Belgium, he would tell them that "Europe is so precious" and to "take care of it, because it's all we have".

Johanna Geron / Reuters
fly outside the European Commission headquarters in Brussels, Belgium, on 1 March 2023.

Her father was one the founding civil servants of the European Community and later a German politician. Today, she says, "I'm the one telling that to our seven children".

In seeking her second term, von der Leyen has said she sees storm clouds, with Europe in (or close to) turmoil again. For her, the world must be on guard, as Vladimir Putin's "friends" in Europe try to undermine its democracy.

"They are spreading hate from behind their keyboards," she says. "Let there be no doubt what is at stake."

Brought up speaking German and French, she learnt English in London and California, and moved from medicine into politics with surety and ease.

She then shadowed Chancellor Angela Merkel for her long 16-year reign, showing longevity and stamina as the only politician to hold a cabinet position throughout, in the process becoming Germany's first female defence minister.

She was tipped to succeed Merkel, and has been mentioned as a future secretary-general of NATO. In 2019, then British Defence Secretary Michael Fallon described her as "a star presence" in the transatlantic alliance.

She was also praised for her handling of the twin crises to occur during her term of office: the pandemic, and Russia's invasion of Ukraine.

Not yet a done deal

Yet lately there have been murmurings of disquiet, notably when she gave full backing to Israel over Gaza, with some saying she over-reached, others that she turned a blind eye to war crimes on both sides.  

Olivier Hoslet / Reuters
Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban (L), Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskiy (C) and European Council President Charles Michel (R) meeting in Brussels on 27 June 2024. Von der Leyen is keen to work with supporters of Ukraine.

There has been further sniping regarding a cronyism scandal (seeking the elevation of a favourite), a headstrong go-it-alone tendency, and a lack of transparency Nothing career-ending, but she nevertheless felt the need to tour and shmooze.

Von der Leyen's appointment has now been ratified by the European parliament in its first week, one of the more bureaucratic of Brussels' processes.

It is a far cry from the days of her youth, when she was deemed so at risk of kidnap by the Red Army Faction (owing to her father's politics) that she was given a pseudonym and sent to the London School of Economics.

There, she recalls that she lived more than she studied, seeing the city as "the epitome of modernity: freedom, the joy of life, trying everything… it gave me an inner freedom that I have kept until today".

Today, that inner freedom may sometimes feel buried deep. What political freedom she manages to wrestle from her second term remains to be seen.

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