Cut off from the internet, Palestinians in Gaza find cutting-edge ways to reconnect

Palestinians resurrected battery-powered radios as modern communications were knocked out and then worked out how to connect themselves – and reporters – to satellite networks

When Israel hit Palestinians' connection to the outside world, people worked out how to reconnect and helped the reporters on the ground keep the world informed.
Ewan White
When Israel hit Palestinians' connection to the outside world, people worked out how to reconnect and helped the reporters on the ground keep the world informed.

Cut off from the internet, Palestinians in Gaza find cutting-edge ways to reconnect

Access to the internet and the mobile telephone network was cut off in the Gaza Strip on 27 October after intense rocket fire from the Israeli army targeted border areas east of the city of Beit Hanoun in the northeast.

The blackout meant over 2 million people could not connect or communicate when they most needed contact with each other and the outside world.

It was not the first such disruption during Israel’s war on Gaza. When the air strikes began after 7 October, the Palestinian Telecommunications Company’s building was hit as part of attacks on large residential buildings in the Al-Rimal district in the centre of Gaza City.

Transmission towers used for internet access were damaged, disrupting communications across large areas of Gaza. Such outages add to the trauma and uncertainty during already difficult times, with people relying on their phones and computers to stay in touch while under attack.

EPA
Israeli air strikes destroyed all infrastructure in the northern Gaza Strip on November 7, 2023

Akram Ajour, a 32-year-old Gaza resident, used the internet to communicate with relatives across the city. They reassured each other whenever they heard explosions. If a response was missing, Ajour turned to local newsgroups to find out where the attacks took place and whether they were close to his relatives and friends.

Then came the outage.

“When the internet was no longer available, I felt lost, like a deaf and blind person. I could not know or see what was happening and could not communicate with anyone,” he said.

I felt lost when the internet was no longer available, like a deaf and blind person. I could not know or see what was happening, and I could not communicate with anyone.

Akram Ajour, Gaza resident

The lack of internet meant Ajour and thousands of people like him were confronted with the problems of another era – of 50 years ago at least, and even further back when there is no electricity – a time before telecommunications and the online world.

Tuning in to old ways to keep in touch

This means Palestinians in Gaza, including Ajour, had to find alternatives to keep in touch, that were last in mainstream use decades ago. He used an old radio, powered by small batteries, as the only means of knowing what was happening.

He conceded that "the transmission was weak and distorted", but added the radio was "better than a state of complete isolation." He stocked up on batteries from a nearby store, expecting a lengthy interruption to more modern communications, before moving to Deir al-Balah to stay with his friends amid Israeli warnings that Gaza residents move to the south of the Strip.

After his displacement, Ajour got back online, but power outages meant access was limited as generators ran for under three hours a day, mainly to pump water. Then came the 27 October air strikes, which cut off internet access again, returning Palestinians to isolation.

Gazans are used to conflict and its consequences. Israel has imposed numerous wars, acts of aggression and invasions, which have forced Palestinians to take precautions in times of emergency.

Among them is Mahmoud Qadeeh, 47, married with five children, who lives in the eastern part of Khan Yunis in the south of Gaza. He has a stockpile of around 2,000 litres of diesel and says: "Nobody knows when the war will break out and when the fuel will be cut. This is a backup for running the generator, through which I can pump the water and turn on the internet."

Stockpiles abandoned

But even well-prepared citizen like him can end up drawn into the consequences of war. As artillery fire intensified and Israeli tanks entered the areas east of Khan Yunis, he was forced to move with his family to the western part of the city, leaving his strategic fuel reserve behind.

Others had to abandon food supplies and their homes, displaced by the Israeli army and in fear of their lives. Today, Qadeeh lives in a shelter with his family at a school affiliated with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) in Khan Younis.

He can barely provide the basic necessities of food and drink, and he has been without internet for weeks.

He said: "At a time when we cannot find enough to eat or drink, the internet is of no use to us. It won't satisfy our hunger or quench our thirst. Some people are looking for alternatives, but I suffice with what I hear from the news on the radio or from others, and I wait for the moment when the war stops and I can return home."

DPA
A feast for charging phones connected to a single electrical socket at one of the Palestinian Red Crescent Society stations

At a time when we cannot find enough to eat or drink, the internet is of no use to us. It won't satisfy our hunger or quench our thirst.

Mahmoud Qadeeh, Gaza resident

Satellite solution

Internet and power outages, as well as the shortage of fuel, has made covering the war in Gaza difficult for journalists.

There have been problems getting reports, photos, videos, and audio clips back to newsrooms, complicating efforts to show the world the consequences of Israel's forced displacement of people to the south and the widespread destruction in the north.

Reporters and news organisations have repeatedly called for internet access and electricity to be restored. Journalists have set up special tents in hospitals in the central and southern parts of the Strip as venues for coverage, in places where internet access is more likely to be available.

But getting reporting from Gaza to readers, viewers, and listeners has been difficult. Pressure on faltering internet infrastructure from many journalists trying to upload material has been significant.

Samar Ahmed, a newsagency photojournalist, has used the reporters' tent at the Nasser Medical Complex in Khan Yunis. She said: "Working on and using the internet was challenging, but I managed to upload the photos despite there being delays or problems with the internet for a few days."

Getty Images
Palestinians from Gaza search the Internet on their phones to check on their families in the city of Khan Yunis, October 29, 2023

She continued her work with the available resources until the evening of 27 October, when the connection was lost.

"We thought it was an internal network problem," Ahmed said until journalists noticed the disappearance of Palestinian mobile phone networks Jawwal and Ooredoo.

Samar managed to obtain an Israeli SIM card from a colleague. They found that it worked and connected to a 4G internet, although it needed a high point to boost the signal. They were forced to climb a particular evacuation staircase in one of the Nasser Medical Complex buildings, which allowed them to connect to the internet in the evening after Gaza was cut off.

She added: "Almost 24 hours passed without the internet, without communication with the world, and we thought we wouldn't find an alternative."

But many people at home and abroad found ways to help Palestinians in Gaza back online and helped journalists carry on telling the story of the Strip.

People bypassed local networks using electronic SIM cards – or eSIMs – which can connect directly to satellites and are activated by a QR code and configured on the mobile device. They can find the most powerful mobile network available, both Israeli and Egyptian, and reach Gaza, particularly in the southern part near the border.

People bypassed local networks using electronic SIM cards – or eSIMs – which can connect directly to satellites and are activated by a QR code and configured on the mobile device.

But getting eSIM cards and QR codes up and running required internet access via Israeli SIM cards. That meant the reporters needed help from Palestinians in Gaza, and they were willing to provide it. Samar said:

"Dozens of young Palestinian and Arab volunteers managed to buy these eSIM cards and send them to us. We did not know them personally; they were simply showing solidarity with us and the Palestinian cause and wanted to enable us to continue our work and report on current developments in the war without interruption."

Limitations and dangers

Although eSIMs may be the best solution for Palestinians in Gaza to access the internet, they come with their own set of problems.

Not all smartphones support eSIMS. Only the latest models from iPhone and Samsung models are compatible. Already expensive, the scarcity of eSIM-enabled phones increases the cost. Samar and other journalists have paid over $1,400 per phone.

Using eSIM phones for video communication via satellite has involved complex problems.

Ismail Hamada, who has worked as a broadcast engineer for a media company in Gaza for over 17 years, said the technology comes with significant delays over the reporters on the ground hearing the questions asked back in the studios or newsrooms.

Other methods used to get round this problem – via so-called Thuraya devices – come with another risk, Hamada says. It "allows the Israeli military to trace the source of its transmission."

And that could be dangerous. Israel has previously claimed that Hamas used Thuraya devices for communication in the past, it is possible that it views these transmissions as a threat and may target the source without verifying the user.

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