Italy-Germany spat exposes Europe's deep divisions on migration

Italy believes the existence of charity workers in the Mediterranean will encourage more migration, and its own shores will bear the brunt of the surge.

Italy-Germany spat exposes Europe's deep divisions on migration

It is a sure sign that all is not well with the European Union’s attempts to tackle the migrant crisis when key European leaders start criticising each other in public over their differing approach to the issue.

Ever since Europe was hit with a flood of migrants attempting to escape the horrors of the Syrian conflict in the summer of 2015, EU leaders have been struggling to agree on a common policy for handling the crisis.

While countries such as Germany, especially when former Chancellor Angel Merkel was in power, was willing to provide sanctuary for the victims of the brutal conflict in Syria, as well as those fleeing other war zones in other countries such as Iraq, Afghanistan and Libya, others were not so welcoming.

In eastern Europe, the migrant crisis is said to have strengthened the position of nationalist politicians in Poland and Hungary, which responded by imposing tough border controls.

Meanwhile, countries such as Greece and Italy that are located on the shores of the Mediterranean, the primary epicentre of the migrant crisis, have found themselves overwhelmed by the sheer number of migrants seeking a safe haven in Europe.

Diplomatic spat

Now, the sheer scale of the challenge facing European leaders has resulted in a remarkable diplomatic spat between Germany and Italy, two of the EU’s founding members who find themselves at loggerheads over how to tackle the migration crisis.

In a letter to German Chancellor Olaf Scholtz, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni said she was “astonished” to learn of a German government initiative to finance migrant rescue charity groups operating in the Mediterranean.

The sheer scale of the challenge facing European leaders has resulted in a remarkable diplomatic spat between Germany and Italy, two of the EU's founding members who find themselves at loggerheads over how to tackle the migration crisis.

Her intervention — leaked to the Italian media following the recent surge in migrant arrivals arriving in Italy this year — came after some 133,000 coming ashore so far, compared to around 69,800 in the same period in 2022.

Meloni has established her right-wing credentials by pursuing a hard-line policy against illegal immigration. In particular, Meloni's goal has been to limit the activities of charity rescue ships operating in the central Mediterranean.

Read more: Can Meloni fill Merkel's shoes?

Organisations responsible for operating the ships insist they are vital for providing vital humanitarian relief for migrants seeking to make one of the world's deadliest sea crossings.

Meloni's government, though, insists the intervention of the charity workers is helping to increase the flow of migrants, as the presence of the charity ships means they are likely to receive help if they run into difficulty making the crossing.

Strongly-worded letter to Berlin

In her letter to Berlin dated 23 September, Meloni clarifies her unhappiness with the German government's willingness to fund the charity ships operating in the Mediterranean without first bothering to discuss the issue with their Italian counterparts.

"I have learned with astonishment that your administration — without coordinating with the Italian government — has allegedly decided to support with substantial funds non-governmental organisations engaged in the reception of irregular migrants on Italian territory and in rescues in the Mediterranean Sea," she wrote.

She added that EU nations who wanted to help Italy manage irregular migration would be better to focus on 'structural solutions', including working with transit countries to stop the flows.

Germany's foreign ministry responded by insisting that Berlin's financial support for the NGO groups running the charity ships "wasn't a surprise for anyone"' as it was funding approved by parliament.

"Our Italian partners were also informed at the time about it. It has taken some time for the various NGOs worthy of funding to be selected," they said.

The public spat between Rome and Berlin certainly exposes the deep tensions that exist between EU member states on the migrant issue — tensions that still remain despite repeated attempts by Brussels to find common ground on how to tackle the problem.

The public spat between Rome and Berlin certainly exposes the deep tensions that exist between EU member states on the migrant issue — tensions that still remain despite repeated attempts by Brussels to find common ground on how to tackle the problem.

Painstaking agreement reached but division remains

EU ministers claimed in June that they had finally reached an agreement on the main pillars of the reform of European migration policy.

These included the introduction of a mandatory accelerated border procedure to process migrants and the principle of "mandatory solidarity" between states to relieve countries on the front line of irregular migration.

The negotiations to reach this agreement lasted years and still required much lobbying to win the support of countries like Italy, Spain and Greece, which have borne the brunt of the people smugglers' activities.

Their support proved crucial in providing the qualified majority required under EU law to approve the new rules.

Even so, the divisions within the EU over the policy were evident from the fact that Poland and Hungary, long-time opponents of the EU's migration policy, voted against the legislation, while Bulgaria, Malta, Lithuania, and Slovakia abstained.

Under the terms of the new policy, the EU has agreed on a minimum annual number of relocations from member states, such as Italy and Greece, where most persons enter the EU to member states, such as Germany, which are less exposed to such arrivals.

In what has been termed the 'money-for-migrants' model, the number is set at 30,000, while the minimum annual number for financial contributions will be fixed at € 20,000 per relocation.

Even so, the differing views of major European capitals over how to deal with the problem have led to Meloni attempting to formulate a distinct Italian policy on the issue, with Rome hosting an international summit on migration in July where leaders from Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries were encouraged to develop closer cooperation.

But the fact that neither France nor Germany, which have both been highly critical of Meloni's uncompromising approach, bothered to attend suggests that European leaders still have much work to do before they can agree on a common approach for tackling one of the biggest challenges of the modern age.

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