The following years would be marked by waves of horrific violence and sectarian warfare and, about decade later, another war, this time against the Islamic State (IS)
An analysis of the failings of Iraqi nation-building since the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003 and the effects of these failings as felt by those living in the country today
Israeli media have painted the "defeat of the Kurds" as a win for Türkiye, while Israel's military worries that this may carry negative implications for its presence in the Golan
From Yemen and Syria to Sudan and Libya, there is a concerted effort to reassert state authority and thwart moves toward the proliferation of quasi-states and fragmentation
For Cairo, stability in its southern neighbour is a national security issue. After almost three years of seeking a diplomatic solution, there are signs that it is now turning to firepower.