There are huge investments and active cooperation across the Middle East and North Africa in this rapidly growing industry, with countries and companies positioning themselves for the future.
The state is well-positioned to diversify its economy away from hydrocarbons and alter its tax system to ensure a fairer contribution from the population, but a change of culture may be needed first.
A new form of green fuel could quickly provide some of Europe's big energy solutions. From across the Mediterranean, producer states like Morocco are getting ready.
As support for Israel weakens across the US political spectrum, once-taboo questions about military aid, lobbying influence, and US backing are moving into the mainstream
Algeria is one of Africa's largest producers of hydrocarbons, and its proximity to customers in Europe makes it of growing interest as importers fret over a prolonged supply crisis from countries
Through extravagant processions led by palace women, the Mamluk state projected a message of power and prestige at home and abroad, turning the Hajj obligation into a soft-power tool