Is Labour steering UK foreign policy in a different direction?

Recent foreign policy moves have unsettled Netanyahu and Zelensky, who may be worried that the previous support they enjoyed could wane under Labour

Is Labour steering UK foreign policy in a different direction?

It is just over two months since Sir Keir Starmer’s Labour government took office, but already there are clear signs that the UK will be adopting a new approach to key foreign policy issues under his leadership.

From the UK’s approach to the Gaza conflict to the war in Ukraine, Starmer and Foreign Secretary David Lammy seem determined to break with the previous Conservative administration’s handling of key global security issues.

During the 14 years the Conservatives were in power, the UK broadly aligned itself with the US on major international issues, from its handling of the long-running civil war in Syria to the more recent conflict in Ukraine following the 2022 Russian invasion.

Irrespective of whether the Conservative leader was a Centrist, such as David Cameron, Theresa May and, more latterly, Rishi Sunak, or of a more Right-wing disposition, such as Boris Johnson, British foreign policy remained broadly the same while the Conservatives were in power, with London making its support for key allies such as the US, Israel and Ukraine some of its key priorities.

Significant change

Since Labour won its landslide victory in July’s general election, there have been clear signs that, under Starmer’s leadership, there is likely to be a significant change in the UK’s approach to major foreign policy issues, one that constitutes a break with the policies pursued by the previous Conservative administration.

One noticeable difference that has already become evident is that one of the Starmer government’s first priorities will be to repair relations with the European Union after the upset caused by the 2016 Brexit vote.

Under the Conservatives, the UK’s priority was to build a new network of global trade relationships, with an emphasis on signing trade deals with Asia, the Middle East and America.

Under Starmer’s leadership, the pendulum has swung decisively back towards the EU, with the prime minister making it clear during recent meetings with key European leaders, such as German Chancellor Olaf Scholz and French President Emmanuel Macron, that he is keen to establish a more constructive relationship with the EU on a range of issues including trade, immigration and defence.

There have been clear signs that, under Labour, there is likely to be a significant change in UK foreign policy

While Britain's new prime minister has—for the moment, at least—ruled out the possibility of the UK rejoining the EU, Keir Starmer's desire to forge closer ties with the bloc can be seen in the wider context of a concerted effort by the new UK government to steer foreign policy in a new direction.

Different approach

At the same time, the UK is seeking to adopt a different approach to some of its major global security challenges—particularly concerning its response to the Middle East and Ukraine conflicts.

By far, the most significant change undertaken by Starmer has been the UK's handling of the Gaza conflict, which has already registered significant change in the two months since Labour took office.

The first indication that the new Labour government was intent on taking a fresh approach to the UK's long-standing support for Israel came when British Foreign Secretary David Lammy announced that the government would no longer oppose efforts by the International Criminal Court (ICC) to issue an arrest warrant for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for war crimes.

Under the previous Conservative administration, the UK opposed the ICC move, with Sunak arguing that seeking arrest warrants for Netanyahu, as well as several Hamas leaders, would make "absolutely no difference" to wider peace in the Middle East.

The UK has since reversed its stand since Labour took power after Lammy—in one of his first acts in office—announced that Britain was withdrawing its objections to the ICC's arrest warrant proceedings against the Israeli prime minister.

The move prompted a rift in UK-Israel relations, with Netanyahu pointedly refusing to meet with Lammy when he visited Occupied Jerusalem last month for an update on the Gaza ceasefire talks.

Since then, relations have become even more strained after Lammy announced earlier this week that the UK was suspending some arms sales to Israel on the grounds that there was a "clear risk" the equipment could be used to commit serious violations of international law.

In a reversal under Labour, Britain withdrew its objections to the ICC over a planned arrest warrant for Netanyahu

Lammy said the UK would suspend 30 out of 350 arms export licences to Israel, affecting equipment such as parts for fighter jets, helicopters, and drones, which provoked a furious response from Netanyahu, who denounced the move as "shameful".

Israel's unhappiness with the decision was made clear during a BBC interview with a senior Israeli minister who said the decision sent the "wrong message" and was "disappointing".

Disquiet in Kyiv

The new Labour government has also caused some disquiet in Kyiv, with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky complaining that UK arms supplies to Ukraine have been "slowing down" since Starmer came to power.

Under the leadership of previous Conservative prime ministers Boris Johnson and Rishi Sunak, the UK has been a staunch ally of Ukraine in its war with Russia, providing a range of equipment, from anti-tank weapons to long-range missiles, that have made a tangible difference to Ukraine's war effort.

The suggestion, therefore, that Starmer is quietly scaling down the UK's support for Ukraine could have serious implications for Kyiv's war effort, where Ukrainian forces have recently gained the initiative following their successful military offensive in the Russian region of Kursk. In response, a UK government spokesperson insisted that Starmer continues to maintain "unwavering" support for Ukraine.

Even so, the fact that both Israel and Ukraine are openly questioning the UK government's positions regarding their respective wars indicates that Starmer is determined to take British foreign policy in a very different direction from the policies pursued by the previous Conservative administration.

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