Welcome to Bab Al Hara, an ancient Damascus neighbourhood unscathed by time and war

Bab Touma and Bab Sharqi glitter like old gems and are a reminder of the elegance of bygone eras. Their narrow roads and alleyways fill up with tourists looking for a charming break from the real world.

Old Damascus.
Supplied
Old Damascus.

Welcome to Bab Al Hara, an ancient Damascus neighbourhood unscathed by time and war

When a tourist arrives in Damascus, locals immediately know where to send them.

Whether Syrian, Arab, or “foreign”, they’ll be pointed to the city’s historical Straight Street before they can ask for directions.

Stretching for 1,570 meters, the long path hardly has any curves or turns. Nineteen centuries ago, Saint Paul walked the same street, starting his lengthy journey from the Hanania Church to the Old Continent to preach about Christianity.

Its narrow streets can hardly fit a single pedestrian. They were constructed according to Hellenistic architectural rules that split small streets into smaller spaces.

Damascus is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. However, most of its old and new neighbourhoods have been overcrowded over the last few decades by buildings with hardly any architectural symmetry.

Nonetheless, residents and visitors have long enjoyed exploring the city’s ancient districts thanks to their cultural and historical significance.

Two neighbourhoods remain relatively untouched and are particularly popular: Bab Touma and Bab Sharqi.

These districts glitter like old gems and are a reminder of the elegance of bygone eras. Their narrow roads and alleyways fill up with tourists looking for a charming break from the real world.

To perfectly encapsulate their magic, the late Syrian poet Nizar Qabbani once said: "Can you envision living inside a perfume bottle? Our house was one such bottle."

Bab Touma and Bab Sharqi glitter like old gems and are a reminder of the elegance of bygone eras. Their narrow roads and alleyways fill up with tourists looking for a charming break from the real world.

Surviving the ages

Straight Street stretches from Bab Al-Jabiyah in the west of Damascus end to Bab Sharqi in the east, dividing the city into the north and the south.

Due to an unfortunate lack of knowledge of the importance of preserving the city's architectural heritage, several ancient quarters have lost most – if not all – of their historical buildings and grandeur.

But somehow, Bab Touma and Bab Sharqi remained untouched. They still provide visitors with a sense of rejuvenation and offer understated wonders that appeal to different tastes and interests.

The two quarters have served as an incubator for several Syrian intellectuals. There, author Zakaria Tamer wrote his first books, while Louay Kayali painted old, adjoining Damascene houses. Meanwhile, Muhammad al-Maghut wrote of the mesmerising women strolling the narrow streets.

AFP / LOUAI BESHARA
Syrians commute through Bab Sharqi (The Eastern Gate), one of the capital city's historic gates in Damascus' old town.

It's no surprise, then, that Bab Touma and Bab Sharqi also have a romantic allure. Love-struck couples often stroll the street while street vendors offer them cold drinks or pastries.

The two neighbourhoods are inextricably intertwined. In a bid to preserve the past, Damascus natives still regard the two quarters as one entity: Al-Hara, Arabic for "the neighbourhood." This has also become fodder for modern literature and media.

The most popular of which (although, not necessarily the best) is probably "Bab Al-Hara", one of the most-watched TV shows among Arab viewers, which has been on air for 13 seasons.

Meanwhile, the most notable literary work inspired by these ancient quarters is likely "Qasr Shamaya", a novel by Syrian-Palestinian novelist Ali al-Kurdi that tackles the fate and suffering of thousands of Palestinian refugees in the titular palace due to repeated migrations.

The novel also evokes the coexistence between the Palestinians and Jews of Damascus, which culminated in a star-crossed love story between a Palestinian Romeo and a Jewish Juliet, both committing suicide to protest their forbidden marriage.

Architecturally distinct

We can learn more about cities like Damascus through "morphology" – an architectural and engineering concept that studies the evolution of forms within a particular environment.

Speaking to Al Majalla, architect Khalid Abu-Salu broke down why the Syrian capital "has its very own entirely distinctive morphology that reflects its long history and rich culture."

"The adjoining Damascene old houses, for example, follow a very ancient structure. Likewise, the city's architecture was heavily influenced by various historical ages, such as the Roman Empire and Early Islam," he said.

Abu-Salu pointed out that the winding alleys of Damascus reflect the times in which they were designed. The construction of its distinctive houses required building stones, red bricks, adobe, mud, and beechwood, with intricate oriental ornaments decorating the walls and ceilings.

AFP / LOUAI BESHARA
Bab Touma in Damascus, Syria.

With these detailed characteristics, Bab Touma and Bab Sharqi have turned into a sanctuary for many.

They conjure up vivid emotions that "stem from a combination of pleasant architectural elements and human-centric design proportions."

While visitors might feel overwhelmed standing before a cold, looming, and large building, they feel welcomed and embraced standing before a Damascene house that is only twice as tall as they are, he explained.

The adjoining Damascene old houses follow a very ancient structure. Various historical ages, such as the Roman Empire and Early Islam, heavily influenced the city's architecture.

"The closeness of the buildings creates a shadow over the alleyways, protecting them from the sun. This creates a cosy atmosphere in the winter and provides refreshing shade during hot summers," he added.

And despite how narrow and time-worn the alleys of Old Damascus are, they are seen as beautiful and inspiring – especially in contrast to the city's squatter areas that represent misfortune and poverty.

A place of the people

You can't visit the Hanania neighbourhood without stopping at its famous and eponymous Church in Bab Touma. It's one of the oldest churches in Syria, dating back to the Roman period.

A stairway leads you down to a two-millennia-old courtyard, where you might overhear the murmur of someone praying while clutching the Holy Quran in their hand. A smell of anointed oil fills the air. Sometimes, you'll spot a mother hurriedly gathering some of the oil for her sick child to speed up recovery.

Getty Images
Damascus' Ananias Chapel.

As you leave, an elegant man might strike up a conversation with you about cinema and stock prices, before he starts spinning in circles. The neighbours tell you that this person is a genius-turned-madman after losing both his wife and only son in the civil war.

During those long years of battle, hundreds of rockets flew above the houses of Bab Touma and Bab Sharqi.

During the civil war, the sound of war was always within earshot, but that never deterred visitors from frequenting neighbourhoods. Abandoning them would have been a declaration of death's victory over life.

During the civil war, the sound of war was always within earshot, but that never deterred visitors from frequenting neighbourhoods. Abandoning them would have been a declaration of death's victory over life.

Amal, a woman in her forties, has been visiting Bab Touma for 20 years – even on its worst days.

"I got into the routine of regularly passing through Bab Touma after moving to a neighbourhood nearby and taking walks there on winter mornings and summer evenings," she said. "I never stopped this routine, even during the civil war. I could never abandon this dear place while it was suffering from shelling and shooting."

Al-Hara has plenty of entertainment and nightlife options, but it also caters to a wide array of people interested in other things.

Thalia, a yoga trainer, goes there to relax, despite the noise.

"I work two jobs, 10 hours a day. In the mornings, I'm a government employee and in the evenings, I teach yoga classes."

"I usually get overwhelmed by the endless questions I get, whether it's from visitors at my government job or yoga students – let alone the high living expenses and deteriorating service industries. So, I often come to Al-Qishleh Park to rest and reset."

Tamer, a young man in his twenties, likes to go to pubs at night to dance away his anxiety while he awaits news about his visa application to the UK.

"I'm stressed and under a lot of social pressure. I come from a conservative family that rejects the concept of male dancing. So, I come here regularly to dance since my friends accept me entirely as I am," he said.

Enduring hospitality

As you wander through the old homes in the Syrian capital, you can't help but notice the distinct architecture that surrounds you – from the metal door knockers in the large entryways to the narrow pathways that lead to a quaint courtyard.

In the middle of the patio stands a marble water fountain adorned with geometrical motifs and surrounded by lemon, orange, and jasmine trees, as well as damask roses.

At the side of the courtyard, a reception room might welcome guests in search of a meal. You'll likely find its doors open, due to a long-standing tradition of hospitality that offers food and drink to those in need.

In the evenings, finding a table at one of the neighbourhood's restaurants or pubs is a gargantuan feat. Although not the fanciest in Damascus, they're certainly among the most popular.

This is especially evident on Thursday nights – it's the start of the weekend, and everyone is eager for a change of scenery. As if making up for the time they lost to the civil war, visitors spend the night eating, drinking, and dancing until the early hours of the morning – a small but poignant reminder that they're alive.

Meanwhile, old, traditional cafes serve as hubs for intellectual, political, and cultural enthusiasts.

In the 19th century, those same cafes – over 100 establishments – became "incubators" of many Syrian and Arab authors and intellectuals. For instance, the great Iraqi poet Muthaffar al-Nawab was a regular guest of the Damascene café Havana.

But in the last decade, some of them have had to succumb to complete overhauls. Many owners renovated their cafés to look more modern after their profits dropped and, in the process, many lost their original charm.

Now, most of these cafes are frequented by visitors to watch football games, listen to live music, escape the scorching heat or nipping cold, and take advantage of the power and internet service to work or study.

Sadly, the Damascene café in its traditional sense seems to have disappeared. Many "regulars" have passed away, while others are too old to leave their houses.

Near the Umayyad Mosque, however, the Al-Nofarah café still awaits one of its long-devoted guests – an elderly man who insists on his usual seat, with only three stable legs.

He – and the few other regulars you'll spot, every now and then – sips one cup of coffee after another, as if he is drinking in honour of all his friends who have since passed.

It serves as a reminder that history is not just a place, but a people, too.

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