Geoffrey Hinton, the Houthis and the paradox of our age

Geoffrey Hinton, the Houthis and the paradox of our age

Geoffrey Hinton, a Nobel laureate and one of the architects of artificial intelligence, is now warning the world about the very technology he helped create. Artificial intelligence, he says, could ultimately lead to human extinction. Such an outcome is not inevitable. Yet the warning lands precisely because it comes from a man of algorithms, not wishful thinking.

His statements are terse and measured; he knows the weight of every syllable. At times he sounds less like a scientist than the head of an intelligence service. The world once waited to see what he would do. Now it waits to hear what he will say. His prescription is for the US and China to cooperate in the face of this threat.

After World War II, the international order rested on principles that endured for decades: states, sovereignty and borders; international law, institutions and alliances; and the primacy of states over militias. Even at the height of the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union raced to build weapons, struggled for influence and fought proxy wars, yet both sought to prevent a global nuclear conflict. When the choice narrows to victory or annihilation, cooperation becomes a necessity.

That logic is now breaking down. Wars are spreading across Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America. The “godfather of AI” warns of a future confrontation with a machine that may one day slip beyond its creator’s control. Yet the world already offers daily evidence of a more immediate failure: humanity’s inability to contain the wars of the present or protect the global shipping arteries on which modern life depends.

How are we to devise rules for machines when we cannot enforce rules that prevent militias from taking control of a vital global shipping artery?

Few images capture our age more starkly than the Houthis' latest venture. A Houthi cell engaged in weapons development used Anthropic's "Claude Code"—one of the most advanced applications of artificial intelligence—to help develop guidance, navigation and control software for weapons programmes, including a ballistic missile project. When a guided-missile test failed, the cell turned again to artificial intelligence to analyse what had gone wrong.

A stark paradox

Another paradox emerges. Fighters operating in one of the world's poorest and most unstable regions are using one of the most advanced products of human technology to help develop weapons. Only a short distance away lies one of the great gateways of global commerce: the Bab al-Mandab Strait. A militia entrenched along its shores can threaten vessels carrying essential components of future technologies, forcing them to add thousands of kilometres to journeys between Asia and Europe.

Artificial intelligence is no virtual realm. Behind the algorithms lies a vast physical world of semiconductors, data centres, electricity, critical minerals, factories, ships and supply chains spanning continents. The most advanced technology humanity has ever produced still depends, in the end, on ports, straits, shipping lanes and supply routes, all vulnerable to disruption by a missile or drone in the hands of a "lone wolf", a militia fighter or an armed faction.

This is where Geoffrey Hinton meets the Houthis. Hinton asks how humanity can protect itself if machines become more intelligent than humans and slip beyond human control. Yemen poses a simpler and more immediate question: how are we to set rules for machines when we cannot enforce rules that prevent militias from taking control of a vital artery of human civilisation?

We possess 21st-century technology, yet the politics we practise, in some respects, belong to the 19th

Hinton's warning extends beyond artificial intelligence itself. We fear that machines may become more intelligent than humans. Yet the nearer danger may be that machines grow ever more capable while the world loses its ability to govern the power it has created. Hinton wants Donald Trump and Xi Jinping, who are due to meet soon in the United States, to agree on rules governing technology. At the same time, the two powers compete over semiconductors, artificial intelligence, armaments, the seas, and global influence.

Technology erases borders while politics rebuilds them. Artificial intelligence requires global cooperation and stability. The economy depends on international supply chains even as governments return to tariffs and protectionism. Our problems are becoming ever more global, while some of the solutions remain hostage to militias.

We possess 21st-century technology, yet the politics we practise, in some respects, belong to the 19th. Militias can decide that an international passageway will become a front in their own war and in Iran's. From Geoffrey Hinton to the Houthis, this is one of the defining paradoxes of our age.

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