Russian Roulette

History does not repeat itself. However, if it does, then we are facing a catastrophe. This should be the starting block for analysing the Ukraine…

Human Journey Characterized by Fantasy

Eric Blair, who is known by his pen name George Orwell, was eerily accurate in the predictions he made in his novel, dubbed “Nineteen Eighty-Four,”…

The New Safavids

When Ismail al-Safavi came from Anatolia and occupied Tabriz from 907 AH to 1502, he declared himself a Shah and issued the first royal command…

Outlawed Ennahda

Tunisia is certainly going through a serious turning point that represents the crux of the dispute between the Islamic movement, on one hand, and the…

Religious Discourse: The Aspiration

The surrender of Abdullah al-Ahmar XII in Granada - the last stronghold of Muslims in Andalusia - and Queen Isabella's acquisition of the city’s key…

Religious Discourse: Maturity

By the fourth Hijri century, religious discourse had reached full maturity. After two centuries of writing and documentation, and during the peak…